The phase of second-harmonic light generated at an interface and its relation to absolute molecular orientation

Abstract

Measurement of the absolute phase of the surface second-harmonic light field with respect to the pump field, i.e. the phase of the surface non-linear susceptibility, is described. From such studies the absolute orientation of surface molecules can be determined. In the present work the liquid/vapor interface of an aqueous phenol solution was investigated. © 1986.