Ben Shneiderman, John M. Carroll
CACM
Two experimental studies of design problem‐solving are presented. Eighty‐one subjects worked on one of two design problems that were isomorphic in structure: a schedule for stages in a manufacturing process or a layout for a business office. In Expt 1, a difference between problem isomorphs is obtained: the ‘spatial’ office layout problem obtains better performance and shorter solution times than the ‘temporal’ scheduling problem. In Expt 2, this difference attenuates when subjects are provided with a graphic representation in both isomorph conditions. The availability of a graphic representation is discussed as an aid for procedural design. 1980 The British Psychological Society
Ben Shneiderman, John M. Carroll
CACM
John M. Carroll, Robert L. Mack
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Mary Beth Rosson, John M. Carroll, et al.
CHI 1991
John M. Carroll, Mark K. Singley, et al.
Behaviour and Information Technology