R.E. Walkup, Ph. Avouris, et al.
MRS Symposium 1983
Sequential absorption of two laser photons converts a Cs atomic beam into a "cold" Cs+ ion beam, i.e., a beam with minimal random kinetic energy [Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 495 (1980)]. Improvements have now increased the spectral brightness by 2.7×104 times, i.e., to 2.7 A/cm 2 sr eV, and have thereby made this source practical for ion microscopy and similar experiments requiring high-brightness beams with minimal energy spread.
R.E. Walkup, Ph. Avouris, et al.
MRS Symposium 1983
R.E. Walkup, R.W. Dreyfus, et al.
Colloque International du CNRS 1982
Stephen C. Wallace, R.W. Dreyfus
Applied Physics Letters
R.E. Walkup, R.W. Dreyfus, et al.
CLEO 1983