M.-P. Bernal, H. Coufal, et al.
Applied Optics
When ions of slightly different mass and the same charge are stored in a radio-frequency electric quadrupole trap, a collective oscillation is observed rather than the independent motions usually assumed. A high-temperature model of ion clouds, each characterized by ions of one mass, shows that the ions of each cloud move as a unit and exhibit a correlated motion with the other clouds when a strong coupling condition is satisfied. This phenomenon is expected to arise whenever more than one ion is trapped and might be observable in neutral atom traps as well. © 1987 The American Physical Society.
M.-P. Bernal, H. Coufal, et al.
Applied Optics
A. Schenzle, R.G. Devoe, et al.
Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry
J. Hoffnagle, R.G. Brewer
Science
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SPIE Advances in Resist Technology and Processing 1999