Behavioral Measures of Trust in Human-autonomy Teams

Abstract

Trust has long been acknowledged as a crucial aspect of teamwork, whether in all-human or in mixed human/autonomy teams. However, typical approaches to the measurement of trust rely chiefly on psychometric approaches that are not well suited to capturing data on trust among non-human members of a team and can constitute interference in the workflow of all-human teams. This paper explores prospects for conceptualizing and measuring trust at the team level through the measurement of observable behaviors associated with trust. Here, three aspects of trust are considered---competence, predictability, and integrity--and existing behavioral measures of trust are examined in relation to them, using as criteria the reliability, validity, and extensibility of each measure. This paper concludes with a summative assessment of the current state of behavioral measures on trust in teams, as well as recommendations for future work. Further research along these lines will be critical for understanding the role of trust in human/autonomy teams in general, but particularly when the proportion of non-human members on a team is large, or when "autonomies" participate in vital activities in the team's workflow.