Thomas E. Karis, C. Mark Seymour, et al.
Rheologica Acta
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) provides new ways for studying electron confinement and quantum size effects and expands the range of materials and conditions under which such effects can be observed. Here we discuss three applications: (a) The confinement of electrons in metal surface states by surface steps or by corrals fabricated using single atoms, and the imaging of the probability amplitudes of the resulting confined states; (b) the detection of electron states involving confinement between the surface layer and sub-surface interfaces; (c) the observation of quantized conductance at room temperature using metal structures formed by the STM tip. © 1994.
Thomas E. Karis, C. Mark Seymour, et al.
Rheologica Acta
Sang-Min Park, Mark P. Stoykovich, et al.
Advanced Materials
D.D. Awschalom, J.-M. Halbout
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Corneliu Constantinescu
SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications 2009