A. Gangulee, F.M. D'Heurle
Thin Solid Films
Kesterite-related photovoltaic materials are considered a promising alternative to CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers, primarily because they are not reliant on scarce elements such as indium and tellurium or the heavy metal cadmium. Recently, we reported a performance breakthrough for this materials class, reaching by a simple hydrazine-based deposition technique 9.6% power conversion efficiency for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 devices (40% improvement over vacuum-based methods). Here, more detailed characterization for a hydrazine-prepared device shows the potential of this technology for further efficiency improvement. We also present initial device results for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 films deposited using a mixed water-hydrazine-based solvent, yielding devices with 8.1% efficiency. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
A. Gangulee, F.M. D'Heurle
Thin Solid Films
A. Nagarajan, S. Mukherjee, et al.
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME
J. Tersoff
Applied Surface Science
Arvind Kumar, Jeffrey J. Welser, et al.
MRS Spring 2000