John Cocke, Ken Kennedy
CACM
The "profitability" of code optimizations is defined in terms of a Markov model of program flow. A system of linear equations for the expected frequency of execution of blocks of a program is derived. A solution method which uses "Cocke-Allen interval" analysis is presented and extensions of this method to other global flow analysis problems are described. © 1976.
John Cocke, Ken Kennedy
CACM
John Cocke, Marvin Minsky
Journal of the ACM
Gregory J. Chaitin, Marc A. Auslander, et al.
Computer Languages
Ken Kennedy, Jayashree Ramanathan
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)