M. B̈ttiker, R. Landauer
Physical Review Letters
We consider a ring of tightly torsion-coupled, overdamped pendulums subject to an external torque and coupled to a thermal reservoir. At low temperatures the dynamics of this system, over a wide range of forces, is governed by thermally activated kink-antikink pairs, their subsequent separation through the external force, and eventual recombination by collision with other kinks. We calculate the thermal activation rate of kink-antikink pairs using an approach first developed by Brinkman. This theory requires a detailed investigation of the multidimensional saddle, which has to be crossed, if the system is to make a thermally activated transition. The propagation velocity of the driven kinks is calculated. We use these results to derive the mean angular pendulum velocity as a function of the applied torque. Comparison is made with earlier work. © 1981 The American Physical Society.
M. B̈ttiker, R. Landauer
Physical Review Letters
R. Landauer, Th. Martin
Solid State Communications
C.H. Bennett, M. Büttiker, et al.
Journal of Statistical Physics
R. Landauer
Journal of Statistical Physics