Mixing of 28 THz CO₂-laser radiation by nanometer thin-film Ni-NiO-Ni diodes with difference frequencies up to 176 GHz

Abstract

Difference frequencies up to 176 GHz between CO2-laser transitions at 28 THz (10.7 μm) are generated by thin-film nanometer-scale Ni-NiO-Ni diodes (MOM, MIM) with integrated bow-tie antennas and rhodium waveguides.