Qing Li, Zhigang Deng, et al.
IEEE T-MI
IBM Watson™ is a system created to demonstrate DeepQA technology by competing against human champions in a question-answering game designed for people. The DeepQA architecture was designed to be massively parallel, with an expectation that low latency response times could be achieved by doing parallel computation on many computers. This paper describes how a large set of deep natural-language processing programs were integrated into a single application, scaled out across thousands of central processing unit cores, and optimized to run fast enough to compete in live Jeopardy!™ games. © 1957-2012 IBM.
Qing Li, Zhigang Deng, et al.
IEEE T-MI
Khaled A.S. Abdel-Ghaffar
IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory
Indranil R. Bardhan, Sugato Bagchi, et al.
JMIS
Fan Zhang, Junwei Cao, et al.
IEEE TETC