Digital watermarking and steganography via overlays of halftone images

Abstract

Recently, several watermarking schemes have been proposed that embed a watermark into two halftone images such that the watermark can be extracted by overlaying these halftone images. The watermark images in these schemes are binary images and the pixels in the two halftone images are correlated or not depending on whether the corresponding pixel in the watermark is on or off. In these schemes, the watermark is binary and does not contain detailed features. Furthermore, the extracted watermark contains residual patterns from the two images which reduces the fidelity of the extracted watermark image. This paper proposes a watermarking algorithm that addresses these problems. In addition, the proposed scheme admits more general watermark extraction functions and allows embedding of multiple watermark images.