Julian J. Hsieh
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films
N, N′-Bis(4-phenylsulfonate)-1, 4, 5, 8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide was prepared as the disodium and bis(tetrabutylammonium) salts. It was reduced electrochemically in DMF or water and by dithionite in water to a form an anion radical. On the basis of visible, NIR, IR, and ESR data, the anion radical is shown to be monomeric in DMF, dimeric in water, and aggregated in aqueous NaCl. The aggregates contain π-stacks that are spectroscopically similar to the stacks found in a solid film of the anion radical. © 1991, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Julian J. Hsieh
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films
R.D. Murphy, R.O. Watts
Journal of Low Temperature Physics
A. Gupta, R. Gross, et al.
SPIE Advances in Semiconductors and Superconductors 1990
Min Yang, Jeremy Schaub, et al.
Technical Digest-International Electron Devices Meeting